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Attraction · Sydney, Australia

Sydney Opera House

Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon and opened in 1973 after more than a decade of construction, the Opera House's sail-shaped shell roof has become one of the most recognizable silhouettes in the world. UNESCO added it to the World Heritage List in 2007, recognizing it as a masterpiece of 20th-century architecture. Inside, it houses multiple performance venues, including the Concert Hall and the Joan Sutherland Theatre, hosting opera, ballet, and orchestral performances year-round.

Photos of Sydney Opera House

Visitor guide

About Sydney Opera House

The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre on Bennelong Point in Sydney Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. Designed by the Danish architect Jorn Utzon, it opened in 1973 and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007. Its sail-like shells make it one of the most recognisable buildings in the world.

The competition and the design

An international design competition was announced in 1955, and on 29 January 1957 the judges selected Utzon's design from 233 entries, according to Wikipedia. Utzon drew inspiration from natural forms such as bird wings, shells and palm leaves. The Fort Macquarie Tram Depot, which had stood on the point, was demolished in 1958, and building work began in 1959.

The roof posed an extraordinary engineering challenge. The shells were ultimately resolved as sections of a sphere with a 75.2 metre radius, built from 2,194 precast concrete sections and covered with more than a million tiles made by the Swedish company Hoganas in glossy white and matte cream. Ove Arup and Partners were the structural engineers, and the building rests on 588 piers.

The Sydney Opera House's white sail-shaped shells reflected in the harbour water under a cloudy sky

A troubled and celebrated construction

The original estimate in 1957 was 3.5 million pounds, with completion targeted for January 1963. Wikipedia records that the project finished roughly ten years late at a final cost of 102 million Australian dollars. After a change of state government in 1965, disputes with the Minister for Public Works escalated, and Utzon resigned on 28 February 1966 and never returned to Australia. The Australian architect Peter Hall took over the design of the interiors and led completion.

Queen Elizabeth II formally opened the Opera House on 20 October 1973. Utzon was later reconciled with the building: the Utzon Room, opened in 2004, was the first interior rebuilt to his design and holds his tapestry Homage to Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach. He received the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2003 and died in November 2008.

The Sydney Opera House illuminated at night with its shells lit against a dark blue evening sky

The venues

Wikipedia lists several performance spaces. The Concert Hall seats 2,679 people, is the home of the Sydney Symphony Orchestra and contains the Grand Organ with over 10,000 pipes. The Joan Sutherland Theatre seats about 1,507, the Drama Theatre 544, the Playhouse 398 and the Studio around 280. The Utzon Room seats 210, and outdoor spaces include the Forecourt. The building hosts more than 1,800 performances a year, and Wikipedia reports that over ten million people visit it annually.

Heritage status

The Opera House was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register in 2003 and the Australian National Heritage List in 2005, and it became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007 under criterion i, which recognises a masterpiece of human creative genius. Its promontory setting means it is best appreciated from several angles, whether from the harbour, from the Royal Botanic Garden or from the forecourt up close.

Visiting context

Visitors can admire the exterior from the harbour foreshore, walk around the forecourt and, on a guided basis, step inside to see the venues. A private tour can pair the Opera House with Circular Quay, the Royal Botanic Garden and The Rocks, all within walking distance.

Frequently Asked Questions About Sydney Opera House

The Sydney Opera House was designed by the Danish architect Jorn Utzon, who won an international competition in 1957. Peter Hall led completion of the interiors after Utzon resigned in 1966.
Queen Elizabeth II formally opened the Sydney Opera House on 20 October 1973, according to Wikipedia. Construction had begun in 1959.
The Sydney Opera House was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007 under criterion i. It had been added to the Australian National Heritage List in 2005.
The roof shells are built from precast concrete sections and covered in tiles made by the Swedish company Hoganas. Wikipedia reports 2,194 concrete sections and over a million tiles.
It has several, including the Concert Hall, Joan Sutherland Theatre, Drama Theatre, Playhouse, Studio and Utzon Room, plus outdoor spaces. The Concert Hall seats 2,679 and houses the Grand Organ.
Wikipedia says the project finished about ten years late, partly because of the engineering difficulty of the shell roof and disputes between the architect and the government. Utzon resigned in February 1966.
The Sydney Symphony Orchestra is based in the Concert Hall of the Sydney Opera House.
Bennelong Point is the headland in Sydney Harbour on which the Opera House stands. It was formerly the site of the Fort Macquarie Tram Depot, demolished in 1958.
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